Citation General Rules
- This is for IN TEXT and ON SLIDE citations
- For END OF ESSAY or LAST SLIDE references, see the Reverence General Rules
Choose the style
1) Brackets style
- This is
- Easier
- The ONLY option for titles.
- The ONLY option for slides
- It looks like this:
- (Suzuki, 2021)
- (Suzuki, 2021, April)
- (Suzuki, n.d.)
- (“Title,” 2021, April)
- (“Title,” n.d.)
- For details, see Cite Brackets Style
2) Sentence style
- This is
- More difficult
- Not usable for titles
- Not used on slides
- It looks like this:
- According to Suzuki (2021)
- Suzuki (2021, April 13) says that
- Suzuki (n.d.) adds that
- Research by Suzuki (2021, April) suggests that
- For details, see Cite Sentence Style
COmmon Mistakes
Are you used to APA6? New in APA7 (from 2019)
- Main changes:
- Only use “Retrieved from” if the reference is “n.d.”, otherwise just give the http://
- How many authors to name
- In text, cite 1-2 authors. If more, go straight to “et al.”
- Give up to 20 authors in references
- No city name for books, just publisher
- APA7 Suzuki, H. (2002). Title. Macmillan.
- APA6 Suzuki, H. (2002). Title. New York: Macmillan.
- DOI changes:
- APA7: https:/doi.org/10.1111/111-11-123-1234-1
- APA6: Retrieved from doi:/doi.org/10.1111/111-11-123-1234-1