Invention - Cite Brackets Style

• Brackets (かっこ) style is
  • easiest, and the only option for slides and titles
  • See Citation General Rules for alternatives.

Basics of Brackets style

Type	Content	Example
A book	name and year	(Suzuki, 2015)
A newspaper article	name, year, month day	(Suzuki, 2015, April 2)
A TED Talk	name, year, month	(Suzuki, 2015, April)
No date?	use n.d.	(Suzuki, n.d.)
No author?	use the title	(“Title,” 2015)
No title or date?	use title+n.d.	(“Title,” n.d.)
No author, Japanese title?	use romaji	(“Romaji no daimei,” 2015)
No author or date?	Title + n.d.	(“Title,” n.d.)
2 authors?	use “&”	(Suzuki & Jones, 2015)
3+ authors?	use “et al.,”	(Suzuki et al., 2015)
2+ sources	use semicolon (;)	(Tanaka, 2003; Suzuki, 2015)
same name/year	a b	(Suzuki, 2015a) … (Suzuki, 2015b).
Same no date?	-a, -b	(Suzuki, n.d.-a) … (Suzuki, n.d.-b).
“Direct quote”?	use page number	“I have a dream” (King, 2015, p.23)

Common mistakes

• Check spaces and commas and periods carefully!
• Family name, no initials
  • OK: (Suzuki, 2012)
  • NO: ~~(Hiroki, S., 2012) ~~
  • NO: (Suzuki, Hiroki, 2012)
• Give the right amount of date.
  • Books are year only
  • Newspapers are year, month day.
  • Others vary. Check the examples
• Title problems
  • Comma inside quotes
    • (“Title,” n.d.)
    • (“Title”, n.d.)
• Shorten long titles
  • 1 word is enough.
  • 6 words max. 3 words max if long words.
  • Use your judgement - is it making the sentence hard to read?
  • This is too long (“The impact of global warming on river dolphins in the Amazon,” n.d.)
  • This is better (“The impact,” n.d.)